Research Article

Investigation of The Chemical Reactions of 2, 4, 6-Trinitrophenol with Thiocyanate Ion in Acidic Condition: Kinetic Approach

Patricia Ese Umoru
Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna.
* Corresponding author
Haruna Muhammad Al Amin
Nigerian Defence Academy, Nigeria.
Yusuf Sahabi
Usman Ali Shinkafi Polytechnic, Nigeria.
Oluwayemisi Abiodun Babatunde
Nigerian Defence Academy, Nigeria.
DOI icon 10.24018/ejchem.2022.3.3.112

Read Counter
329

Downloads
242

Citations

Share

Article Sidebar

Submitted 2022-08-06
Published 2022-10-15

Read counter = 329 times

Table of Contents

Article Main Content

The rate and overall observed chemical change of the redox reaction between 2, 4, 6-trinitrophenol (TNP) and thiocyanate ion (SCN–) was investigated under a constant concentration of ionic strength, [????!] and λmax = 360 nm using a spectrophotometric titration method. The research aim is to study stoichiometry, order of reaction, the influence of acid, and the effect of change in ionic concentration on the reaction speed. The stoichiometry discovered gave a 1:2 molar proportion of TNP against SCN–. The reaction is 1st - order in relation to TNP and 1st – order in relation to SCN– hence, a 2nd -order overall for the system. An acid-dependence rate constant on TNP was positive for the TNP – SCN– system. A positive salt effect was observed in the system. An increase in the concentration of added cations and anions (Mn2+, NO3− and PO43−) had no influence on the speed of the reaction. The spectroscopic and kinetic results did not show any intermediate complex emergence all through the reaction. On grounds of the experimental results attained, a presumptive mechanism in favor of an outer-sphere mechanism has been recommended.

Keywords: Acidic Condition, Chemical, Reactions, Thiocyanate, 2, 4, 6- Trinitrophenol.

References

  1. Missen RW, Mims CA, Saville BA. Introduction to Chemical Reaction Engineering and Kinetics. John Wiley & Son inc. 2014, pp. 1–2.
     Google Scholar
  2. Bahram M, Afkhami A. Recent Applications of Kinetic Methods in Multi-Component Analysis. Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society. 2008; 5(3): 352–366.
     Google Scholar
  3. Kadiyala V, Spain JC. A Two-Component Monooxygenase Catalyzes Both the Hydroxylation of p-Nitrophenol and the Oxidative Release of Nitrite from 4 Nitrocatechol in Bacillus sphaericus. Journal of Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 1998; 64(7): 2479–2484.
     Google Scholar
  4. Saleem A, Rafi N, Qasim S, Ashraf U, Virk NH. Synthesis of Picric Acid at Domestic Scales. International Journal of Innovations in Science and Technology. 2019; 1(2): 62–78.
     Google Scholar
  5. Gad SC. Picric Acid; Encyclopedia of Toxicology. 2005, pp. 438–440.
     Google Scholar
  6. Childers M, Himmel A, Caldwell J. Cystic Fibrosis Etiology, Diagnosis and Treatments: Effects of the Lack of Thiocyanate in Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease, 2009, pp. 138−140.
     Google Scholar
  7. Balcerzak M, Marczenko Z. Analytical Spectroscopy Library; Separation, Preconcentration and Spectrophotometry in Inorganic Analysis, 2000. 10th ed., p. 70.
     Google Scholar
  8. Lohdip YN, Iyun JF. The kinetics of oxidation of thiocyanate ion by di-m-oxo-tetrakis (1,10 phenanthroline) dimanganese (III, IV) perchlorate in acid medium. Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences. 2003; 9(1): 105–112.
     Google Scholar
  9. Babatunde OA. Kinetics and Mechanism of Reduction of Parafuchsin by Nitrite Ions in Aqueous Acid Medium. World Journal of Chemistry. 2009; 4(1): 39–44.
     Google Scholar
  10. Adetoro A, Iyun JF, Idris SO. Kinetic Approach to the Mechanism of Redox Reaction of Pyrocatechol Violet and Nitrite Ion in Aqueous Hydrochloric Acid. Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology. 2011; 3(10): 1159–1163.
     Google Scholar
  11. Umoru PE. Kinetics study of the reduction of [(bipy)2MnIIIO2MnIV(bipy)2]3+ by Thiocyanate Ion in Aqueous Hydrochloric Acid. Nigerian Journal of Chemical Research. 2019; 24(2): 1–14.
     Google Scholar
  12. Idris SO, Samson VO, Myek B. Kinetics of the Oxidation of Bromopyrogallol Red by Nitrite Ion in Aqueous Acidic Medium. International Frontier Science Letters. 2015; 3(1): 32–38.
     Google Scholar
  13. Mohammed Y, Aremu MO, Tukura BW. Redox Kinetics and Mechanism of the Reaction of Hexamethylpararosalinine chloride and Nitrite Ion in Acid medium. NSUK Journal of Science and Technology. 2011; 1(1): 146–152.
     Google Scholar
  14. Gardner WH, Weinberger H. Thiocyanogen Solution, in Inorganic Syntheses. Chapter 29: Inorganic Syntheses. 1939; 1: 84–86. doi:10.1002/9780470132326.ch29.
     Google Scholar
  15. Deng, X, Huang X, Wu D. Forster Resonance-Energy-Transfer Detection of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol Using Copper Nanoclusters. Journal of Analytical and Bioanalytical chemistry, 2015; 407(16): 4607–4613.
     Google Scholar
  16. Kasthuri S, Gawas P, Maji S, Veeraiah N, Venkatramaiah N. Selective Detection of Trinitrophenol by Amphiphilic Dimethylaminopyridine-Appended Zn (II)phthalocyanines at the near-Infrared Region. ACS Omega. 2019; 4(4): 6218 – 6228.
     Google Scholar
  17. Babatunde OA, Nwaji MU. Kinetic Approach to the Mechanism of Reduction of (7-Amino-8-Methyl-Phenothiazin-3-Ylidene)-Dimethyl-Ammonium Chloride by thiocyanate ion in acidic medium. Global Journal of Science Frontier Research Chemistry. 2013; 13(8): 1–7.
     Google Scholar
  18. Hamza SA, Iyun JF, Idris SO. Kinetics and mechanism of the redox reaction of toluidine blue and nitrite ions in an aqueous acidic medium. Archives of Applied Science Research. 2012; 4 (1): 10–18.
     Google Scholar
  19. Onu AD, Osunkwo CR, and Idris SO. Kinetics and Mechanism of the Reduction of Tris (1, 10 – phenanthroline) cobalt (III) complex by N-methylthiourea in aqueous acidic medium. Nigerian Journal of Chemical Sciences. 2018; 5(1): 82–97.
     Google Scholar
  20. Iyun JF, Ayoko GA, Lawal HM. Kinetics and mechanism of the reduction of diaquatetrakis (2, 2–bipyridine)-µ-oxo- diruthenium (III) by Ascorbic Acid. Transition Metals Chemistry. 1995; 20: 30 – 33.
     Google Scholar
  21. Ibrahim I, Idris SO, Onu AD. Kinetics and Mechanism of Redox Reaction of 3-amino-7-dimethylamino-2-methylphenazinehydrochloride and Hypochlorite Ion in Aqueous Acidic Medium. Nigerian Journal of Scientific Research. 2017; 16(5): 687–693.
     Google Scholar